Technical notes on machine learning, data and software engineering: what I build, measure and learn along the way.
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5 articles
Oct 01, 2026 · 18 min read · Artificial Intelligence
A JPEG, a song, a sentence and a social network reach a model as numbers. See the four layers between file and model input, and why that choice shapes results.
Read article →Sep 27, 2026 · 15 min read · Data Engineering
Filter, group, join, window, rank: see the operation behind SQL, pandas, Polars and PySpark code, and where code that looks the same gives different answers.
Read article →Aug 20, 2026 · 11 min read · Artificial Intelligence
A RAG demo that answers three questions proves little. What to measure (retrieval, grounding, answers), how to gate CI on it, and where LLM judges fail.
Read article →Jan 05, 2026 · 6 min read · Artificial Intelligence
How a model learns from examples: data, a family of functions, a loss, an optimizer, and the held-out test that separates learning from memorization.
Read article →Aug 09, 2024 · 5 min read · Optimisation
Pourquoi le choix du pas décide de la convergence de la descente de gradient, et trois façons de le choisir en R : pas exact, Armijo-Wolfe, dichotomie.
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